Kur'an ve Hadis

Kur'an Tefsiri Metodolojisi

Kur'an Tefsiri Metodolojisi 471 Sayfa
Yayınevi : el-Mustafa Yazar : Ali Ekber Babaî, Gulam Ali Aziz Kia, Mücteba Ruhani Rad

Kur'ân, İlahi ilimden bir mertebe olup, her iki cihan kurtuluş ve saadetine ulaştıracak Yüce Allah'ın son, en kapsamlı ve en sağlam desturudur.

Bu yüce kitabın kendine has özellikleri Müslümanların yanı sıra farklı inanç ve din mensubu oolan bilim adamlarının da ona yönelmesine, ondaki sırları, yeni ve derin konuları, yol gösterici ve yapıcı formülleri keşfetme gayretine itmiştir. Ama ne yazık ki bu alanda özellikle gayrimüslim bilimadamları tarafından yapılmış çalışmalar göz ardı edilmeyecek zafiyetler, yetersizlikle, sapma ve yanlışlıklardan korunamamıştır.

İşte bu yüzden, Kur'ân tefsiri metodolojisini çeşitli boyutlarıyla ele alma fibi bir zaruret doğmuştur. Öte yandan ayetlerin doğru manalarına ve Yüce Allah'ın iradesine ulaşmanın insanın saadeti, bireysel ve toplumsal problemlerinin çözümünde ne kadar olumlu etkisi varsa hiç şüphesiz bilerek veya bilmeyerek bu alanda oluşacak bir sapmanın da olumsuz etkileri olacaktır.

Dolayısıyla şunu söylemek mümkündür: Kur'ân-ı Keri'in azamet ve derinliğine binaen Kur'ân'ı doğru anlama ve tefsir yöntemini bilmek çok büyük bir önem arz etmektedir.

Kur'an Tefsiri Metodolojisi

19                                           Tefsir ve Tevil
19                                                          Tefsirin Sözcük Anlamı
21                                                                                    Bir Araştırma“Fesr” Kelimesinin “Sefr”den Türetildiği Konusunda
23                                                                                   Tefsir ve Fesr Kelimesinin Lügat Anlamına Dair Bir Araştırma
25                                                          Kurân-ı Kerim’de Tefsir Kavramı
27                                                          Tefsirin Tanımları
39                                                                              Önerilen Tanım
41                                                          Tevilin Sözlük Anlamı
43                                                          Tevilin Kurân’da Kullanıldığı Yerler
48                                                          Tefsir ile Tevilin Farkı
48                                                                                   a) Tefsir ve Tevil Sözcüklerinin Farkı
49                                                                                   b) Kurân’ın Tefsiri ile Tevilinin Farkı
53                                           Tefsire İhtiyaç
55                                                            Tefsire İhtiyacın Sebepleri
55                                                                                         a) Yeterli Bilgiden Yoksun Olmak
58                                                                                         b) Kurân-ı Kerim’deki Bazı Özellikler
59                                                                                         c) Kurân’ın İnişi ile Olan Zaman Fasılası
61                                           Tefsirin İmkân ve Cevazı
62                                                                      Tefsir Yapabilmenin İmkânı
63                                                                      Masumlar Olmayanlar İçin Tefsirin Mümkün Olamayışının Delillerinin İncelenmesi
63                                                                                                                                                             Kurân-ı Kerim’in Yüce Makamı
65                                                                                                                                                             Kurân’ın Meydan Okuyuşu
66                                                                                                                                                             Kurân ve Onun Tefsiri Aklın Uzanamayacağı Uzaklıktadır
70                                                                                                                                                             Kurân’ı Anlamanın Yalnızca Masumlara (a.s) Has Olması
77                                           Tefsirin Teklif Açısından Cevazı
77                                                                               Reye Dayalı Tefsir Rivayetlerini İnceleme
80                                                                               Tefsirin Gerçeği Yansıtması
81                                           Tefsir Usulü
85                                  Tefsir Kaidelerinin Araştırılma Gereksinimi
89                                                                                Birinci Kaide: Sahih Kıraati Göz Önünde Bulundurmak
92                                                                                                                                       Yanlış Bir Tevehhüm
94                                                                                                                                       Sonuçsuz Çabalar
94                                                                                                                                       Sonuçsuz Çabalar
97                                                                                                                                       Yedi Kıraatin Hüccet Oluşu
100                                                                                                                                       Mevcut Kıraatin Muteber Olduğuna Tarihi Şahitler
102                                                                                                                                                                                          Araştırma
106                                                                                                                                       Sahih Kıraati Teşhis Etme Ölçütleri
109                                                                                İkinci Kaide: Nüzul Zamanındaki Kelimelerin Mefhumlarını Dikkate Almak
110                                                                                                                                                           Kalıplaşmış Manalarla Yetinmemek
110                                                                                                                                                           Kurân’ın İniş Zamanı Kültürünü Dikkate Alarak Kelimelerin Manalarına Ulaşmak
111                                                                                                                                                           Tüm Manaları Dikkate Almak
112                                                                                                                                                           Hakiki ve Mecazi Manaları Ayırt Etmek
112                                                                                                                                                           Kurâni Hakikat
114                                                                                                                                                           Lafza Müteaddit Manaların Yüklenmesi
118                                                                                                                                                           Kurân’ın Dili
125                                                                                                                                                           İthal Kelimeler ve Tefsir Üzerindeki Rolleri
127                                                                                                                                                           Arapçalaşmış Kelimelerde Dilin Kaynağına Müracaat
127                                                                                                                                                           Teorilerin Değişimi ve Kurân Müfredatını Anlama
129                                                                                                                                                           Kelimelerin Manalarının Değişiminde Teorilerin Etkisi Görüşünün Kritiği
131                                                                                                                                                           Kurân Müfredatını Anlamada Teorilerin Etkisi Görüşünün Kritiği
132                                                                                                                                                           Kurân ile Beşeri Metinlerin Farkı
137                                                                                Üçüncü Kaide: Arap Edebiyatı Kaidelerini Dikkate Almak
139                                                                                                                                           En Fasih Cümle Yapısının Kalıplarına Ulaşmanın Yolu
141                                                                                                                                           Kurân ve Edebi Kaidelerin İtibarı
143                                                                                Dördüncü Kaide: Karineleri Dikkate Almak
143                                                                                                                           Karinelere Dikkat Etmenin Lüzumuna Dair Delil
144                                                                                                                           Karinelerin Bölümleri
144                                                                                                                           Muayyine ve Sarife Karinelerinin Kullanım Yerleri
144                                                                                                                                                                             1- Müşterek Kelimeler
146                                                                                                                                                                             2- İcaz
148                                                                                                                                                                             3- İzmar
148                                                                                                                                                                             4- Mecaz
148                                                                                                                                                                             4- Mecaz
148                                                                                                                                                                             4- Mecaz
151                                                                                                                                                                             5- Kinaye
152                                                                                                                           Birleşik Lâfzî Karineler
153                                                                                                                                                      Siyak
154                                                                                                                                                      Âlimlerin Bakışında Siyakın Rolünün Önemi
157                                                                                                                                                      Siyakın Karine Olma Kriteri
159                                                                                                                                                      Siyak Türleri
181                                                                                                                           Lâfzî Olmayan Yapışık Karineler
181                                                                                                                                                               İniş Yeri
200                                                                                                                                                               İki Noktanın Hatırlatılması
203                                                                                                                                                               Sözü Söyleyenin Özellikleri
209                                                                                                                                                               Muhatabın Özellikleri
216                                                                                                                                                               Sözün Konusunun Özellikleri
223                                                                                                                                                               Aleni Bilgiler ve Apaçık Kesin Burhan
234                                                                                                                           Muttasıl Olmayan Karineler
234                                                                                                                                                      a) Diğer Ayetler
239                                                                                                                                                      b) Rivayetler
261                                                                                Beşinci Kaide: İlim ve Bilimselliğin Esas Oluşu
264                                                                                                                                   İlim ve Bilimselliğin Mısdakları
264                                                                                                                                                                       1) Nass ve Ayetlerin Dışyüzü
267                                                                                                                                                                       2- Rivayetlerdeki Nass ve Zevahir
274                                                                                                                                                                       3- Tarihi Haberler
275                                                                                                                                                                       4- Rivayetler ve Sahabe ile Tabiin’in Görüşleri
277                                                                                                                                                                       5- Müfessirlerin Görüşleri
278                                                                                                                                                                       6- Dilbilimcilerinin Sözleri
293                                                                                Altıncı Kaide: Çeşitli Delaletleri Dikkate Almak
295                                                                                                                                    İktiza Delaleti
296                                                                                                                                    Tenbih ve İma Delaleti
297                                                                                                                                    İşaret Delaleti
299                                                                                                                                    Cümlenin Kavramsal Delaleti
301                                                                                                                                    Tefsirde Delaletlerin Kısımlarını Dikkate Almanın Lüzumu
305                                                                                Yedinci Kaide: Ayetler İçin Bâtıni Manalar Zikretmekten Kaçınmak
315                                      Tefsir Kaynaklarını Dakik Şekilde Tanımanın Zarureti
319                                      Kuran Tefsir Kaynakları
319                                                              1- Kurân
319                                                                       Tefsir İlminde Kurân-ı Kerim’e Müracaat Etmenin Mazisi
324                                                                       Kurân’ın Kaynak Alınmasının Muhtelif Şekilleri
345                                                              2- Masumların Rivayetleri
346                                                                                        Tefsir Rivayetlerinin Tasnifi
351                                                                                        Tefsir Rivayetlerinin Metnine Bakış
352                                                              3- Lügat Kaynakları
353                                                                                   Kurân Sözcüklerinin Manasını Elde Etme Yolları
359                                                                                   Sözlüklerin İtibar Ölçüsü
359                                                              4) Tarih Kaynakları
360                                                                                  Tarih Nakillerinden Faydalanılan Yerler
364                                                                                  Tarih Kaynaklarının İtibar Şartları
371                                                              5- Akıl
371                                                                      Aklın Tefsirdeki Çeşitli Rolleri
376                                                              6- Tecrübe Sonuçları
379                                                               Müfessirlerin İhtiyaç Duyduğu İlimler
379                                                                                                         İhtiyaç Duyulan İlimlerden Bahsetmenin Zarureti
381                                                                                                         İhtiyaç Duyulan İlimler” ile “Tefsir Kaynakları” Arasındaki Fark
383                                                               İhtiyaç Duyulan İlimlerin Ortaya Çıkış Neden ve Delilleri
383                                                                                                                               a) Nüzul Zamanındaki Karinelerin Tanınıp Kaydedilmesinin Lüzumu
384                                                                                                                               b) Müslümanların Yabancılarla İrtibatı
386                                                                                                                               c) Kurân’ı Tanımanın Lüzumu
387                                                                                                                               d) Reye Dayalı Tefsirden Kaçınmak
389                                                                                                                               e) Tefsirde İçtihat ve Akılcılık
391                                                                                                                               f) Yeni İlimlerle Karşılaşmak
395                                                               Müfessirler Açısından İhtiyaç Duyulan İlimler
396                                                                                                                   Beyan Edilen İlimlerin Tefsirdeki Zaruret Ölçüsü
398                                                                                                                   İhtiyaç Duyulan İlimlerin Tedahülü
399                                                                                                                   Müfessirin İhtiyaç Duyulan İlimlere Bilgisinin Ölçüsü
400                                                                                                                   İhtiyaç Duyulan İlimlerle Tefsir Yöntemlerinin İrtibatı
401                                                                                                                   İhtiyaç Duyulan İlimlerin Derecelerindeki Fark
403                                                               Müfessirin İhtiyaç Duyduğu İlimler
403                                                                                                      Edebi İlimler
404                                                                                                                    Lügat İlmi
407                                                                                                                    Sarf İlmi
413                                                                                                                    Nahiv İlmi
416                                                                                                      Belagat İlimleri
417                                                                                                                       İhtiyaç Tarzı
418                                                                                                                       Kurân’daki Belagat Noktalarından Bazı Örnekler
420                                                                                                      Kurân İlimleri
421                                                                                                                      Genel Ölçekte İhtiyaç Sebebi
422                                                                                                                      Esbab-ı Nüzul
423                                                                                                                      Muhkem ve Müteşabih
424                                                                                                                      Kurân’ın Mucizevî Yönleri
425                                                                                                                      Kurân’ın Kuşatıcılığı
426                                                                                                                      Mekki ve Medeni
427                                                                                                      Kıraat İlmi
428                                                                                                                   Bir Tevehhümün Giderilmesi
428                                                                                                                   Kıraat İlmine İhtiyacın Sebebi
429                                                                                                      Kelam İlmi
430                                                                                                                 Tefsirde Kelam İlmine İhtiyacın İspatı
432                                                                                                      Usul-u Fıkıh İlmi
433                                                                                                                          Tefsirde Usul İlmine İhtiyacın Sebebi
434                                                                                                      Fıkıh İlmi
435                                                                                                      Rical İlmi ve Diraye
436                                                                                                                           Tefsirde Rical ve Diraye İlmine Olan İhtiyacın Sebebi
437                                                                                                      Deneye Dayalı Doğal Bilimler
437                                                                                                                                    Deneye Dayalı Bilimlere İhtiyacın Delili
440                                                                                                      Beşeri Bilimler
441                                                                                                                      Beşeri Bilimlere Duyulan İhtiyacın Delili
442                                                                                                                      Tefsirde Beşeri Bilimlerden Faydalanma Yerleri
444                                                                                                      Vehb-i İlim
451                                         Müfessirin Şartları
453                                         Tefsirin İtibarında Etkili Olan Şartlar
453                                                                                   Tefsir Öncesi Konulara Zihni Hâkimiyet
453                                                                                   İstinbat Yeteneği
454                                                                                                      Kurân-ı Kerim’in Dünya Görüşünü Bilmek ve Ona İnanmak
455                                                                                                      İlmi Tarafsızlık
457                                         Tefsirin Kemal ve Yüklü Olma Koşulları
457                                                                                   Düşünsel Yeterlilik ve Deruni Saflık
457                                                                                   Zihnin Faal Olması
459 Kaynaklar

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